Ingeniería en acuicultura

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http://10.100.20.74:4000/handle/20.500.13077/23

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Browsing Ingeniería en acuicultura by Author "Gaby Dolz"

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    Detección de IHHNV en el cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei en Costa Rica
    (2021) Jose Francisco Parajeles-Mora; Nelson Peña-Navarro; Antony Solorzano-Morales; Gaby Dolz
    El virus de la necrosis hipodérmica y hematopoyética infecciosa (IHHNV) produce deformidades cuticulares y reducción del crecimiento del camarón blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei), lo que genera pérdidas productivas por un menor peso de cosecha y menores precios de mercado. Aunque se han descrito linajes patógenos y no patógenos del agente, se desconoce si estos están presentes en el país. Objetivo. Caracterizar los linajes de IHHNV presentes en fincas de camarón blanco en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Entre 2017 y 2018 se investigaron quince granjas camaroneras distribuidas en el Golfo de Nicoya, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. En estas fincas se recolectaron muestras de agua, postlarvas y camarones juveniles, durante un ciclo de producción de tres meses, se tomaron los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua de los estanques y se aplicó una encuesta a los productores para conocer si tenían conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y si sospechaban de la presencia del agente en sus establecimientos. Las muestras recolectadas se analizaron mediante Reacción en Cadena de Polimerasa (PCR) y secuenciación. Resultados. La presencia de IHHNV se determinó en el 86,6 % (13/15) de las fincas analizadas, la secuenciación de los productos amplificados estableció la presencia del linaje III de IHHNV, con un 99,2 %-100,0 % (386-389/389 pb) de similitud con la secuencia aislada en L. vannamei de Venezuela (KM485615.1). Los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua se determinaron como deficientes. Un 53,3 % de productores no tenían conocimiento de IHHNV, mientras que los restantes sospechaban tener el agente en su finca. Conclusión. El linaje patógeno III de IHHNV estuvo presente en la mayoría de las fincas. Se recomienda capacitar a los productores y establecer protocolos de bienestar, manejo y bioseguridad para así mejorar los parámetros productivos de sus fincas.
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    Molecular detection of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in Penaeus vannamei shrimps in Costa Rica
    (2020) Nelson Peña-Navarro; Ruth Castro-Vásquez; Bernardo Vargas-Leitón; Gaby Dolz
    Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a bacterial disease associated to severe mortality in farmed shrimps, and caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus containing plasmid pVA-1 encoding pirA and pirB toxins. This study investigates the presence of Vibrio spp. carrying plasmid pVA-1 in post larvae and juveniles Penaeus vannamei from farms located in Costa Rica. Moreover, a possible corelation between Vibrio spp. presence, management parameters, and water quality was also investigated. Between 2017 and 2018, post larvae, the first water pumped into ponds, and juvenile shrimp (6 to 7 weeks after stocking) were collected from 15 farms located in the Gulf of Nicoya and the country's Central Pacific region. On the day when the juvenile shrimp were collected, a survey was applied to farmers to obtain information about management conditions, finally physicalchemical parameters of pond water were measured. Plasmidic pVA-1 pirA and pirB genes were detected in hepatopancreas of juvenile shrimp in 5 (33.3%) farms, while Vibrio spp. were found in 6 (40.0%) farms. Sequencing of pVA-1, pirA and pirB genes showed 99–100% similarity to pathogenic Vibrio parahemolyticus XN89 homologous genes identified in Vietnamese shrimps. Statistically significant differences were found in the water volume (p < .03), rate of water replacement (p < .04), and farms disease history (p < .05). A correlation between presence of Vibrio spp. and water quality was not established. The molecular diagnosis of Vibrio spp., the plasmid and the genes encoding toxins that are associated with AHPND are reported for the first time in Costa Rica. Further studies aimed to isolate AHPND-causing Vibrio spp. from ponds, to generate histopathological data, and to establish economic losses due to AHPND mortalities in Penaeus vannamei farms, are needed to clarify the role and pathogenic features of Vibrio spp. in AHPND.
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    White spot syndrome virus and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in shrimp farms in Costa Rica1
    (2020) Nelson Peña-Navarro; Ruth Castro-Vásquez; Gaby Dolz
    Introduction. The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes systemic destruction of ectodermal and mesodermal tissues in shrimp and can cause 100 % mortality. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an intracellular microsporidian that causes lysis of epithelial cells in hepatopancreatic tubules in shrimp. Objective. Detect the presence of WSSV and EHP in fifteen shrimp farms in the Gulf of Nicoya and the Central Pacific from Costa Rica. Materials and methods. Between January 2017 and July 2018 water during the filling process of the pond, postlarvae, and juvenile shrimp of Penaeus vannamei was collected, during a production cycle in each one of the fifteen farms. Samples were analyzed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers and protocols to detect the VP41B gene in WSSV, and the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of EHP. Results. The presence of WSSV was detected in one farm, while EHP was not detected in any of the fifteen farms. The sequencing of the amplified segments of the VP41B gene showed 100 % identity with isolated shrimp sequences in Taiwan and Mexico. Conclusion. WSSV was detected at a very low frequency and EHP was not detected in this study. It is necessary to continue monitoring these agents in the country’s shrimp farms.