Ectoparasites of the comman vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) in Costa Rica: parasitism rates and biogeographic trends
Date
2008-01-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Mendoza, Argentina.
Abstract
Ectoparásitos del vampiro común (Desmodus rotundus) en Costa Rica:
tasas de parasitismo y tendencias biogeográficas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo
sobre la fauna ectoparasitaria del murciélago vampiro Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera:
Phyllostomidae) en Costa Rica. Asimismo, se describieron las tendencias ecogeográficas de los ectoparásitos obtenidos, utilizando Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Un total de 67 animales fueron capturados, lográndose obtener un total de 420 ectoparásitos de los cuales el 82.14% correspondieron a dípteros de la especie Trichobius parasiticus, y el 4.05% a la especie Strebla wiedemanni; mientras que el 13.57% estuvo representado por el ácaro Radfordiella desmodi; y Periglischrus herrerai correspondió a un 1.5%. Los mayores porcentajes de infestación estuvieron dados por T. parasiticus (91.04%) y R. desmodi (19.40%), con una intensidad de infestación de 5.65 y 4.38 por murciélago, respectivamente.
Trichobius parasiticus fue la especie más frecuentemente hallada infestando al murciélago vampiro en su hábitat natural, y al mismo tiempo parece ser el ectoparásito con la mayor distribución geográfica y ecológica en Costa Rica. Adicionalmente se proponen nuevos ámbitos geográficos para T. parasiticus y S. wiedemanni. La humedad, la altura y la temperatura ambiental promedio, parecen ser factores que influyen en la ecogeografía de los especímenes hallados. Los hallazgos de Radfordiella desmodi y Periglischrus herrerai, son los primeros registros para Costa Rica de ambas especies.
A descriptive study was carried out to determine the ectoparasitic fauna of the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from twelve locations and eight different life zones in Costa Rica. The biogeographic trends of ectoparasites were described using Geographical Information Systems. A total of sixty seven bats were collected using mist nets and submitted for necropsy. Two species of batflies (Diptera: Streblidae) were identified: Trichobius parasiticus (82.14%) and Strebla wiedemanni (4.05%), as well as two species of mites: Radfordiella desmodi (13.57%) (Acarina: Macronyssidae) and Periglischrus herrerai (0.24%) (Acarina: Spinturnicidae). The highest percentages of infestation were given by T. parasiticus (91.04%) and R. desmodi (19.40%), with an intensity of infestation of 5.65 and 4.38 per bat, respectively. T. parasiticus was the species which was most frequently found infesting vampire bats in their natural hábitat; it seems to be the ectoparasite with the widest geographic and ecologic distribution. Additionally new geographical distribution for T. parasiticus and S. wiedemanni are proposed. Humidity, altitude, and average environmental temperature could be factors that influenced the biogeography of the ectoparasitic species found. The finding of Radfordiella desmodi and Periglischrus herrerai are the first reports of these mites for Costa Rica.
A descriptive study was carried out to determine the ectoparasitic fauna of the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from twelve locations and eight different life zones in Costa Rica. The biogeographic trends of ectoparasites were described using Geographical Information Systems. A total of sixty seven bats were collected using mist nets and submitted for necropsy. Two species of batflies (Diptera: Streblidae) were identified: Trichobius parasiticus (82.14%) and Strebla wiedemanni (4.05%), as well as two species of mites: Radfordiella desmodi (13.57%) (Acarina: Macronyssidae) and Periglischrus herrerai (0.24%) (Acarina: Spinturnicidae). The highest percentages of infestation were given by T. parasiticus (91.04%) and R. desmodi (19.40%), with an intensity of infestation of 5.65 and 4.38 per bat, respectively. T. parasiticus was the species which was most frequently found infesting vampire bats in their natural hábitat; it seems to be the ectoparasite with the widest geographic and ecologic distribution. Additionally new geographical distribution for T. parasiticus and S. wiedemanni are proposed. Humidity, altitude, and average environmental temperature could be factors that influenced the biogeography of the ectoparasitic species found. The finding of Radfordiella desmodi and Periglischrus herrerai are the first reports of these mites for Costa Rica.
Description
Revista Mastozoología Neotropical, 15(2):181-187, Mendoza, 2008
Keywords
COSTA RICA, ECTOPARÁSITOS, MURCIÉLAGOS HEMATÓFAGOS, TENDENCIAS ECOLÓGICAS, ECOLOGICASL PATTEMS, ECTOPARASITES, VAMPIRE BATS